Hidden Hearing Loss, Cochlear Synaptopathy and Occupational Noise / Pérdida Auditiva Oculta, Sinaptopatía Coclear y Ruido Ocupacional

Introducción: La sinaptopatía coclear por exposición a ruido (SCER) es definida como una alteración funcional transitoria o permanente de las sinapsis en cinta de las células pilosas internas de la cóclea. Este artículo tiene el objetivo de comentar la utilidad de la identificación temprana de la pérdida auditiva oculta por SCER basado en marcadores audiológicos y en la metodología usada en grupos clínicos para su búsqueda.Método: Revisión de la literatura relacionada en bases científicas y la narración descriptiva de los resultados.Resultados: La SCER produce una pérdida auditiva oculta en pacientes con audiograma normal, principalmente obreros o individuos expuestos a niveles de ruido intenso. Los principales estudios de identificación de la SCER han sido realizados principalmente en estudiantes universitarios o en músicos.Conclusiones: Son necesarios ajustes en la política de salud auditiva para una amplia identificación temprana de la SCER en las poblaciones en riesgo para la pérdida auditiva oculta y luchar por una regulación del daño. (AU)

Introduction: Cochlear synaptopathy after noise exposure (CSNE) is defined as the transient or permanent func-tional damage to the ribbon synapsis of the inner hair cells of the cochlea. This article has the objective of comment the usefulness of early identification of the hidden hearing loss after CSNE based on audiological markers and in changes in the clinical methodology in clinical groups for its searching.Method: Review of related literature in scientific databases and narrative description of results.Results: CSNE results in a hidden hearing loss in patients with normal pitch audiogram, mainly workers or indi-viduals exposed to high noise levels. The main studies of identification have been performed mainly in groups of students from college or musicians.Conclusions: Is necessary adjustments in hearing health policy for an wide early identification of CSNE in at risk populations for the identification of the hidden hearing loss and fight for its damage regulation. (AU)

Hidden Hearing Loss, Cochlear Synaptopathy and Occupational Noise / Pérdida Auditiva Oculta, Sinaptopatía Coclear y Ruido Ocupacional

Introducción: La sinaptopatía coclear por exposición a ruido (SCER) es definida como una alteración funcional transitoria o permanente de las sinapsis en cinta de las células pilosas internas de la cóclea. Este artículo tiene el objetivo de comentar la utilidad de la identificación temprana de la pérdida auditiva oculta por SCER basado en marcadores audiológicos y en la metodología usada en grupos clínicos para su búsqueda.Método: Revisión de la literatura relacionada en bases científicas y la narración descriptiva de los resultados.Resultados: La SCER produce una pérdida auditiva oculta en pacientes con audiograma normal, principalmente obreros o individuos expuestos a niveles de ruido intenso. Los principales estudios de identificación de la SCER han sido realizados principalmente en estudiantes universitarios o en músicos.Conclusiones: Son necesarios ajustes en la política de salud auditiva para una amplia identificación temprana de la SCER en las poblaciones en riesgo para la pérdida auditiva oculta y luchar por una regulación del daño (AU)

Introduction: Cochlear synaptopathy after noise exposure (CSNE) is defined as the transient or permanent func-tional damage to the ribbon synapsis of the inner hair cells of the cochlea. This article has the objective of comment the usefulness of early identification of the hidden hearing loss after CSNE based on audiological markers and in changes in the clinical methodology in clinical groups for its searching.Method: Review of related literature in scientific databases and narrative description of results.Results: CSNE results in a hidden hearing loss in patients with normal pitch audiogram, mainly workers or indi-viduals exposed to high noise levels. The main studies of identification have been performed mainly in groups of students from college or musicians.Conclusions: Is necessary adjustments in hearing health policy for an wide early identification of CSNE in at risk populations for the identification of the hidden hearing loss and fight for its damage regulation (AU)

Esclerosis múltiple: ventaja izquierda para la lateralidad auditiva en pruebas dicóticas de procesamiento auditivo central y relación de pruebas psicoacústicas con examen de discapacidad-EDEM / Multiple sclerosis: Left advantage for auditory laterality in dichotic tests of central auditory processing and relationship of psychoacoustic tests with the Multiple Sclerosis Disability Scale-EDSS

OBJETIVO: Evaluar los trastornos en procesos centrales de la audición, en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple, enfatizando en lateralidad auditiva mediante la aplicación de pruebas psicoacústicas e identificar la relación de estas con funciones de la Escala de Discapacidad en Esclerosis Múltiple (EDEM). MÉTODO: En 26 individuos con esclerosis múltiple y 26 controles se aplicaron escala de depresión (HADS), EDEM y 9 pruebas psicoacústicas para estudiar trastornos en los procesos centrales de la audición. Se efectuaron pruebas de correlación entre EDEM y pruebas psicoacústicas. RESULTADOS: Siete de 9 pruebas psicoacústicas fueron diferentes significativamente (p < 0,05); derecha o izquierda (14/19 exploraciones) respecto al grupo control. En dígitos dicóticos la izquierda mostró ventaja de aciertos respecto al predominio usual de dígitos dicóticos en la derecha. Hubo correlación significativa en 5 pruebas psicoacústicas y funciones específicas de la Escala de Discapacidad en Esclerosis Múltiple. CONCLUSIÓN: Conviene investigar la ventaja del oído izquierdo detectada como expresión de influencias deficientes del cuerpo calloso y de atención en esclerosis múltiple. Hay correlación entre pruebas psicoacústicas con funciones específicas de EDEM

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the central auditory processing disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis, emphasizing auditory laterality by applying psychoacoustic tests and to identify their relationship with the Multiple Sclerosis Disability Scale (EDSS) functions. METHOD: Depression scales (HADS), EDSS, and 9 psychoacoustic tests to study CAPD were applied to 26 individuals with multiple sclerosis and 26 controls. Correlation tests were performed between the EDSS and psychoacoustic tests. RESULTS: Seven out of 9 psychoacoustic tests were significantly different (P<.05); right or left (14/19 explorations) with respect to control. In dichotic digits there was a left-ear advantage compared to the usual predominance of RDD. There was significant correlation in five psychoacoustic tests and the specific functions of EDSS. CONCLUSION: The left-ear advantage detected and interpreted as an expression of deficient influences of the corpus callosum and attention in multiple sclerosis should be investigated. There was a correlation between psychoacoustic tests and specific EDSS functions

Multiple sclerosis: Left advantage for auditory laterality in dichotic tests of central auditory processing and relationship of psychoacoustic tests with the Multiple Sclerosis Disability Scale-EDSS. / Esclerosis múltiple: ventaja izquierda para la lateralidad auditiva en pruebas dicóticas de procesamiento auditivo central y relación de pruebas psicoacústicas con examen de discapacidad-EDEM.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the central auditory processing disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis, emphasizing auditory laterality by applying psychoacoustic tests and to identify their relationship with the Multiple Sclerosis Disability Scale (EDSS) functions. METHOD: Depression scales (HADS), EDSS, and 9 psychoacoustic tests to study CAPD were applied to 26 individuals with multiple sclerosis and 26 controls. Correlation tests were performed between the EDSS and psychoacoustic tests. RESULTS: Seven out of 9 psychoacoustic tests were significantly different (P<.05); right or left (14/19 explorations) with respect to control. In dichotic digits there was a left-ear advantage compared to the usual predominance of RDD. There was significant correlation in five psychoacoustic tests and the specific functions of EDSS. CONCLUSION: The left-ear advantage detected and interpreted as an expression of deficient influences of the corpus callosum and attention in multiple sclerosis should be investigated. There was a correlation between psychoacoustic tests and specific EDSS functions.

Phonological awareness and sinusoidal amplitude modulation in phonological dislexia.

OBJECTIVE: Dyslexia is the difficulty of children in learning to read and write as results of neurological deficiencies. The objective was to test the Phonological awareness (PA) and Sinusoidal amplitude modulation (SAM) threshold in children with Phonological dyslexia (PD). METHODS: We performed a case-control, analytic, cross sectional study. We studied 14 children with PD and 14 control children from 7 to 11 years of age, by means of PA measurement and by SAM test. The mean age of dyslexic children was 8.39 years and in the control group was 8.15. RESULTS: Children with PD exhibited inadequate skills in PA, and SAM. We found significant correlations between PA and SAM at 4 Hertz frequency, and calculated regression equations that predicts between one-fourth and one-third of variance of measurements. CONCLUSION: Alterations in PA and SAM found can help to explain basis of deficient language processing exhibited by children with PD.

Phonological awareness and sinusoidal amplitude modulation in phonological dislexia / Conciencia fonológica y la modulación sinusoidal de la amplitud en la dislexia fonológica

ABSTRACT Objective Dyslexia is the difficulty of children in learning to read and write as results of neurological deficiencies. The objective was to test the Phonological awareness (PA) and Sinusoidal amplitude modulation (SAM) threshold in children with Phonological dyslexia (PD). Methods We performed a case-control, analytic, cross sectional study. We studied 14 children with PD and 14 control children from 7 to 11 years of age, by means of PA measurement and by SAM test. The mean age of dyslexic children was 8.39 years and in the control group was 8.15. Results Children with PD exhibited inadequate skills in PA, and SAM. We found significant correlations between PA and SAM at 4 Hertz frequency, and calculated regression equations that predicts between one-fourth and one-third of variance of measurements. Conclusion Alterations in PA and SAM found can help to explain basis of deficient language processing exhibited by children with PD.

RESUMEN Objetivo La Dislexia es la dificultad en niños de aprender a leer y escribir como resultado de una deficiencia neurológica. Nuestro objetivo fue probar la Conciencia fonológica (CF) y la Modulación sinusoidal de la amplitud (MSA) en niños con Dislexia fonológica (DF). Métodos Realizamos un estudio analítico, transversal, de casos y controles. Estudiamos la CF y la MSA en 14 niños con DF y 14 controles de 7–11 años. La edad media de los niños con DF fue de 8.39 años y de los controles fue 8.15. Resultados Los niños con DF presentaron deficiencias en CF y en MSA. Encontramos correlaciones entre CF y MSA en la frecuencia de 4 Hertzios (Hz), calculamos ecuaciones de regresión que predijeron de un cuarto a un tercio de la varianza de las mediciones. Conclusión Las deficiencias en CF y en MSA pueden ayudar a comprender las alteraciones en el procesamiento del lenguaje presentadas por los niños con DF.

Sound localization and word discrimination in reverberant environment in children with developmental dyslexia.

OBJECTIVE: Compare if localization of sounds and words discrimination in reverberant environment is different between children with dyslexia and controls. METHOD: We studied 30 children with dyslexia and 30 controls. Sound and word localization and discrimination was studied in five angles from left to right auditory fields (-90o, -45o, 0o, +45o, +90o), under reverberant and no-reverberant conditions; correct answers were compared. RESULTS: Spatial location of words in no-reverberant test was deficient in children with dyslexia at 0º and +90o. Spatial location for reverberant test was altered in children with dyslexia at all angles, except –-90o. Word discrimination in no-reverberant test in children with dyslexia had a poor performance at left angles. In reverberant test, children with dyslexia exhibited deficiencies at -45o, -90o, and +45o angles. CONCLUSION: Children with dyslexia could had problems when have to locate sound, and discriminate words in extreme locations of the horizontal plane in classrooms with reverberation.

Sound localization and word discrimination in reverberant environment in children with developmental dyslexia / Localización sonora y discriminación de palabras en ambientes reverberantes en niños con dislexia del desarrollo

Objective Compare if localization of sounds and words discrimination in reverberant environment is different between children with dyslexia and controls. Method We studied 30 children with dyslexia and 30 controls. Sound and word localization and discrimination was studied in five angles from left to right auditory fields (-90o, -45o, 0o, +45o, +90o), under reverberant and no-reverberant conditions; correct answers were compared. Results Spatial location of words in no-reverberant test was deficient in children with dyslexia at 0º and +90o. Spatial location for reverberant test was altered in children with dyslexia at all angles, except –-90o. Word discrimination in no-reverberant test in children with dyslexia had a poor performance at left angles. In reverberant test, children with dyslexia exhibited deficiencies at -45o, -90o, and +45o angles. Conclusion Children with dyslexia could had problems when have to locate sound, and discriminate words in extreme locations of the horizontal plane in classrooms with reverberation. .

Objetivo Comparar localización de sonidos y localización-discriminación de palabras bajo reverberación y sin reverberación en niños disléxicos y controles. Método Estudiamos 30 niños disléxicos y 30 controles, pareados por edad. La localización sonora y discriminación a palabras fue estudiada en cinco ángulos horizontales en los campos izquierdo y derecho (-90o, -45o, 0o, +45o, +90o), bajo reverberación y sin reverberación; las respuestas correctas fueron comparadas Resultados: La localización sonora sin reverberación fue deficiente en niños disléxicos a 0º y +90º. La localización bajo reverberación falló en niños disléxicos en todos los ángulos, excepto –-90o. Durante la discriminación a palabras, sin reverberación, los niños disléxicos fallaron en ángulos izquierdos. En la prueba reverberante, los niños disléxicos fallaron a -–45o, -90o y +45o. Conclusion Los niños con dislexia pueden tener problemas cuando tienen que localizar sonidos y discriminar palabras en las localizaciones extremas del plano horizontal en salones de clases típicos con reverberación. .

Right cerebral hemisphere and central auditory processing in children with developmental dyslexia / El hemisferio cerebral derecho y el procesamiento auditivo central en ninos con dislexia del desarrollo

Objective We hypothesized that if the right hemisphere auditory processing abilities can be altered in children with developmental dyslexia (DD), we can detect dysfunction using specific tests. Method We performed an analytical comparative cross-sectional study. We studied 20 right-handed children with DD and 20 healthy right-handed control subjects (CS). Children in both groups were age, gender, and school-grade matched. Focusing on the right hemisphere’s contribution, we utilized tests to measure alterations in central auditory processing (CAP), such as determination of frequency patterns; sound duration; music pitch recognition; and identification of environmental sounds. We compared results among the two groups. Results Children with DD showed lower performance than CS in all CAP subtests, including those that preferentially engaged the cerebral right hemisphere. Conclusion Our data suggests a significant contribution of the right hemisphere in alterations of CAP in children with DD. Thus, right hemisphere CAP must be considered for examination and rehabilitation of children with DD. .

Objectivo Examinamos si las habilidades del procesamiento auditivo central (PAC) del hemisferio derecho se encuentran alteradas en niños con dislexia del desarrollo (DD), por medio de pruebas específicas. Método Realizamos un estudio comparativo transversal. Estudiamos 20 niños diestros con DD y 20 niños controles (C) sanos. Los niños de ambos grupos fueron pareados por edad, género y grado escolar. Utilizamos varias pruebas para medir alteraciones del PAC, tales como: determinación de patrones de frecuencia; duración del sonido; reconocimiento de tono musical e identificación de sonidos ambientales, enfatizando la contribución del hemisferio derecho. Comparamos los resultados entre los niños con DD y C. Resultados Los niños con DD mostraron menores puntuaciones que los C en todas las subpruebas del PAC, incluyendo aquellas que involucran preferencialmente al hemisferio cerebral derecho. Conclusión Los datos obtenidos sugieren una contribución significativa del hemisferio derecho para producir alteraciones del PAC en niños con DD. Por lo tanto, las PAC que involucran al hemisferio derecho deben ser consideradas en la evaluación y rehabilitación de niño s con DD. .

Evaluación de pruebas psicoacústicas y de potenciales relacionados a eventos P300 en adultos mayores con hiperhomocisteinemia / Evaluation of psychoacoustic tests and P300 event-related potentials in elderly patients with hyperhomocysteinemia

Introducción y objetivos: La hiperhomocisteinemia como un factor de riesgo para el daño auditivo, el daño neuronal y el deterioro cognitivo en los pacientes adultos mayores es controvertido y se encuentra limitado por un pequeño número de estudios. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si los pacientes adultos mayores con hiperhomocisteinemia presentan mayor riesgo de desarrollar alteraciones en los procesos centrales de la audición frente a un grupo de pacientes con niveles de homocisteína adecuados, y definir el comportamiento de las pruebas psicoacústicas y de potenciales de latencia larga (P300) en estos grupos. Método: Estudio transversal, comparativo y analítico. Se formó un grupo de pacientes con hiperhomocisteinemia y un grupo control con valores normales de homocisteína. A todos los pacientes se les realizó audiometría tonal, impedanciometría y una selección de pruebas psicoacústicas (dígitos dicóticos, palabras filtradas pasa bajo, palabra en ruido y diferencia en niveles de enmascaramiento), así como potenciales evocados auditivos de tallo cerebral y P300. Resultados: Los pacientes con hiperhomocisteinemia presentaron valores en la prueba de diferencia en los niveles de enmascaramiento superiores a los del grupo control (p = 0,049), así como latencias más prologadas en los P300 (p = 0,000). Conclusiones: La hiperhomocisteinemia es un factor que altera las funciones auditivas centrales. Las pruebas psicoacústicas alteradas junto con la alteración en las pruebas electrofisiológicas sugieren que la porción central de la vía auditiva está afectada en los pacientes con hiperhomocisteinemia (AU)

Introduction and objectives: Hyperhomocysteinemia as a risk factor for hearing impairment, neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in elderly patients is controversial and is limited by the small number of studies. The aim of this work was determine if elderly patients detected with hyperhomocysteinemia have an increased risk of developing abnormalities in the central auditory processes as compared with a group of patients with appropriate homocysteine levels, and to define the behaviour of psychoacoustic tests and long latency potentials (P300) in these patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, comparative and analytical study. We formed a group of patients with hyperhomocysteinemia and a control group with normal levels of homocysteine. All patients underwent audiometry, tympanometry and a selection of psychoacoustic tests (dichotic digits, low-pass filtered words, speech in noise and masking level difference), auditory evoked brainstem potentials and P300. Results: Patients with hyperhomocysteinemia had higher values in the test of masking level difference than did the control group (P=0.049) and more protracted latency in P300 (P=0.000). Conclusions: Hyperhomocysteinemia is a factor that alters the central auditory functions. Alterations in psychoacoustic tests and disturbances in electrophysiological tests suggest that the central portion of the auditory pathway is affected in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia (AU)

Evaluation of psychoacoustic tests and P300 event-related potentials in elderly patients with hyperhomocysteinemia.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Hyperhomocysteinemia as a risk factor for hearing impairment, neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in elderly patients is controversial and is limited by the small number of studies. The aim of this work was determine if elderly patients detected with hyperhomocysteinemia have an increased risk of developing abnormalities in the central auditory processes as compared with a group of patients with appropriate homocysteine levels, and to define the behaviour of psychoacoustic tests and long latency potentials (P300) in these patients. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, comparative and analytical study. We formed a group of patients with hyperhomocysteinemia and a control group with normal levels of homocysteine. All patients underwent audiometry, tympanometry and a selection of psychoacoustic tests (dichotic digits, low-pass filtered words, speech in noise and masking level difference), auditory evoked brainstem potentials and P300. RESULTS: Patients with hyperhomocysteinemia had higher values in the test of masking level difference than did the control group (P=.049) and more protracted latency in P300 (P=.000). CONCLUSIONS: Hyperhomocysteinemia is a factor that alters the central auditory functions. Alterations in psychoacoustic tests and disturbances in electrophysiological tests suggest that the central portion of the auditory pathway is affected in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia.

Right cerebral hemisphere and central auditory processing in children with developmental dyslexia.

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that if the right hemisphere auditory processing abilities can be altered in children with developmental dyslexia (DD), we can detect dysfunction using specific tests. METHOD: We performed an analytical comparative cross-sectional study. We studied 20 right-handed children with DD and 20 healthy right-handed control subjects (CS). Children in both groups were age, gender, and school-grade matched. Focusing on the right hemisphere's contribution, we utilized tests to measure alterations in central auditory processing (CAP), such as determination of frequency patterns; sound duration; music pitch recognition; and identification of environmental sounds. We compared results among the two groups. RESULTS: Children with DD showed lower performance than CS in all CAP subtests, including those that preferentially engaged the cerebral right hemisphere. CONCLUSION: Our data suggests a significant contribution of the right hemisphere in alterations of CAP in children with DD. Thus, right hemisphere CAP must be considered for examination and rehabilitation of children with DD.

Evaluación de procesos centrales de la audición con pruebas psicoacústicas en niños normales / Central auditory processes evaluated with psychoacoustic tests in normal children

Objetivo: Identificar las tendencias naturales de aciertos y calcular el punto de corte para 6 pruebas de procesos centrales de la audición (PCA): fusión binaural, palabra filtrada, dígitos dicóticos, patrones de frecuencia y patrones de duración y sonidos ambientales en el niño de 5, 7, 9 y 11 años de edad. Material y método: Se evaluaron 369 niños de la escuela pública urbana del Estado de Puebla con 6 pruebas de PCA, dos binaurales y 4 monoaurales; utilizando un audiómetro Madsen a 50dB SL re/umbral en 1 kHz, por medio de disco grabado en el Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación. Resultados: Se determinaron los puntos de corte para las 6 pruebas incluidas y se determinó que tres pruebas son útiles. Adicionalmente los resultados obtenidos en niños de 11 años difirieron de los obtenidos en niños de menos de 11 años. Conclusión: Los resultados significan un avance en los criterios normativos en materia de las pruebas psicoacústicas para PCA en español y en un contexto socioeducativo frecuente en el país. Se requiere evaluar estos resultados frente a condiciones de trastornos en PCA (AU)

Objective: To identify the natural tendencies of hits and calculate the cut-off for a test group of central auditory processes (CAP): binaural fusion, filtered words, dichotic digits, frequency patterns and duration patterns, and ambient sounds in normal 5-, 7-, 9-, and 11-year-old children. Material and methods: We studied 369 children (738 ears) who attend public schools in Puebla City, administering 6 CAP tests (2 binaural and 4 monaural); we used an audiometer at 50dB SL re-threshold at 1kHz, from a CD recorded at the CCECADET-UNAM-INR (Centre for Applied Science and Technological Development at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and the National Institute for Rehabilitation). Results: We determined the cut-off points for the 6 tests. Conclusion: This information represents an advance in the normative standards in the field of psychoacoustic tests for CAP in Spanish and in the socio-educational context prevalent in Mexico. It is important to evaluate these results against CAP disorders (AU)

[Central auditory processes evaluated with psychoacoustic tests in normal children]. / Evaluación de procesos centrales de la audición con pruebas psicoacústicas en niños normales.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the natural tendencies of hits and calculate the cutoff for a test group of central auditory processes (CAP): binaural fusion, filtered words, dichotic digits, frequency patterns and duration patterns and ambient sounds in normal 5-, 7-, 9- and 11-year-old children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 369 children (738 ears) who attend public schools in Puebla City, administering 6 CAP tests (two binaural and four monaural); we used an audiometer at 50dB SL re-threshold at 1 kHz, from a CD recorded at the CCECADET-UNAM-INR (Centre for Applied Science and Technological Development at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and the National Institute for Rehabilitation). RESULTS: We determined the cutoff points for the six tests. CONCLUSION: This information represents an advance in the normative standards in the field of psychoacoustic tests for CAP in Spanish and in the socio-educational context prevalent in Mexico. It is important to evaluate these results against CAP disorders.

Síndrome de Sjögren comportamiento clínico y audiológico en función de la edad / Sjögren's syndrome: Audiological and clinical behaviour in terms of age

Introducción y objetivo: Determinar el comportamiento clínico y audiológico por grupos de edad en el síndrome de Sjögren (SS) considerando que esta es la segunda enfermedad reumatológica autoinmune más frecuente. Material y método: Se trata de 29 pacientes con SS con historia clínica y estudios audiológicos. Diseño prospectivo, descriptivo y transversal. Resultados: La edad promedio es de 41 años, todos los pacientes que presentaron hipoacusia en la audiometría tonal convencional fueron de tipo sensorial. En frecuencias altas 66% de los pacientes no tienen respuesta a 20kHz y el 48% para la frecuencia de 16kHz. En logoaudiometría e impedanciometría los resultados fueron los esperados para los umbrales auditivos. Conclusiones: El daño auditivo relacionado con SS probablemente se ubica en el oído interno. Estos pacientes deben estar informados por su médico tratante del riesgo de presentar daño auditivo como complicación de su enfermedad. La valoración audiológica se debe realizar de forma periódica para identificar precozmente los posibles daños audiológicos (AU)

Introduction and objective: To determine the clinical and audiological behaviour per age group in Sjögren's Syndrome (SS), considering that it is the second most frequent autoimmune rheumatic disease. Material and method: The study included 29 patients with SS with clinical history and audiological studies. The design was prospective, descriptive and transversal. Results: Average patient age was 41 years. All the patients with hearing loss in conventional tone audiometry were of the sensory type. At high frequencies, 66% of the patients did not respond at 20KHz, and 48% at the frequency of 16KHz. In logoaudiometry and impedancemetry, the results were the ones expected for the auditory thresholds. Conclusions: Auditory damage related to SS is located in the inner ear. Patients must be informed by their physician of the risk of having auditory damage as a complication of the disease. Audiological evaluation must be performed periodically to identify possible audiological damage (AU)

[Sjögren's syndrome: Audiological and clinical behaviour in terms of age]. / Síndrome de Sjögren comportamiento clínico y audiológico en función de la edad.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical and audiological behaviour per age group in Sjögren's Syndrome (SS), considering that it is the second most frequent autoimmune rheumatic disease. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study included 29 patients with SS with clinical history and audiological studies. The design was prospective, descriptive and transversal. RESULTS: Average patient age was 41 years. All the patients with hearing loss in conventional tone audiometry were of the sensory type. At high frequencies, 66% of the patients did not respond at 20 KHz, and 48% at the frequency of 16 KHz. In logoaudiometry and impedancemetry, the results were the ones expected for the auditory thresholds. CONCLUSIONS: Auditory damage related to SS is located in the inner ear. Patients must be informed by their physician of the risk of having auditory damage as a complication of the disease. Audiological evaluation must be performed periodically to identify possible audiological damage.

Procesos centrales de la audición evaluados en español en escolares con dislexia y controles. Pruebas de fusión binaural y de palabras filtradas / Assessment of central auditory processes in evaluated in Spanish in children with dyslexia and controls. Binaural Fusion Test and Filtered Word Test

Objetivo: El objetivo es evaluar la habilidad para distinguir palabras usando dos pruebas psicoacústicas verbales de procesos centrales de la audición (PCA) en español: la prueba de fusión binaural (PFB) y la prueba de palabra filtrada (PPF), en niños con dislexia y en niños controles. Métodos: Cuarenta niños con dislexia seleccionados de grupos de terapia y 40 niños seleccionados de 298 niños de una escuela pública como controles, pareados por sexo y edad. Resultados: Hubo predominio masculino 2/l en los niños disléxicos. Los promedios de acierto para la PFB fueron del 65 al 66% para los niños con dislexia y del 78 al 80% para los niños control. Para la PPF éstos fueron del 50 al 55% para los niños con dislexia y del 67 al 71% para los controles (t de Student <0,05). Conclusiones: Estos resultados contribuyen a evidenciar alteraciones de los PCA para estímulos psicoacústicos verbales en niños con dislexia. Se propone evaluar cada paciente con pruebas de PCA para definir el plan de rehabilitación (AU)

Objectives: The aim is to assess the ability to discriminate words, using two psychoacoustic verbal tests of Central auditory processes in Spanish: Binaural Fusion Test (BFT in its Spanish version) and Filtered Word Test (FWT in its Spanish version) in children with dyslexia and controls. Methods: One group of 40 dyslexic children was receiving therapy for dyslexia at the time of the tests. 40 children without dyslexia were selected as controls, out of 298 children who attended a public school. Results: The rate of males to females was 2/1 in the dyslexic group. The average correct answers for the BFT were 65–66% in dyslexic group and 75–80% in the control group. For the FWT they were 50–54% in the dyslexic group and 67–71% in the control group (student t <0.05). Conclusions: These results contribute to make evident disorders in central auditory processing in children with dyslexia. We suggest using the tests with each patient in order to elaborate a rehabilitation plan (AU)

[Assessment of central auditory processes in Spanish in children with dyslexia and controls. Binaural Fusion Test and Filtered Word Test]. / Procesos centrales de la audición evaluados en español en escolares con dislexia y controles. Pruebas de fusión binaural y de palabras filtradas.

OBJECTIVES: The aim is to assess the ability to discriminate words, using two psychoacoustic verbal tests of central auditory processes in Spanish: Binaural Fusion Test (BFT in its Spanish version) and Filtered Word Test (FWT in its Spanish version) in children with dyslexia and controls. METHODS: One group of 40 dyslexic children was receiving therapy for dyslexia at the time of the tests. 40 children without dyslexia were selected as controls, out of 298 children who attended a public school. RESULTS: The rate of males to females was 2/1 in the dyslexic group. The average correct answers for the BFT were 65-66% in dyslexic group and 75-80% in the control group. For the FWT they were 50-54% in the dyslexic group and 67-71% in the control group (student t <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results contribute to make evident disorders in central auditory processing in children with dyslexia. We suggest using the tests with each patient in order to elaborate a rehabilitation plan.

[Peripheral and central audiologic findings in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]. / Hallazgos audiológicos, periféricos y centrales en pacientes con síndrome de Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and describe peripheral and central audiological abnormalities of patients with Vogt Koyanagi Harada syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective, cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study. Vogt Koyanagi Harada patients referred from an ophthalmologic centre were assessed for signs and symptoms of auditory pathology. Peripheral audiological and central auditory processing tests were performed. To standardize the latter, methodological controls were matched for sex, age and audiometric chart. RESULTS: 21 patients were included (3 male, 18 female), mean age 40.7 years (+/-11.82). Nine of the 21 complained of tinnitus and nine suspected hearing loss. Exclusively or mainly sensorial abnormalities of pure tone audiometric chart were documented in 61.9% (mainly selective troughs at 4 and 8 kHz); 95.3% of patients had deficit in high-frequency audiometry. Five of the patients had sensorial disorders in the speech audiometry. No central auditory processing disorder was seen. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the patients with Vogt Koyanagi Harada syndrome had objective peripheral audiological abnormalities, although few revealed any symptoms.

[Vestibular findings in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]. / Hallazgos vestibulares en pacientes con síndrome de Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and describe vestibular abnormalities in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH). MATERIALS AND METHOD: Prospective, cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study. Patients with VKH referred by an ophthalmological center, were interrogated and physically examined in search of signs of vestibular abnormalities, and if positive, they underwent videonystagmography, computerized dynamic posturography, tonal audiometry and tympanometry. RESULTS: Out of 21 patients with VKH, only 10 were included in the study due to presenting data of vestibular abnormalities (10/10 with vestibular symptoms and 9/10 with abnormalities in the physical exploration). The age average was 37.8 years. The videonystagmography was mainly abnormal in ocular saccades test (10/10). The posturography showed a higher alteration of the visual (4/10) and vestibular (4/10) afferents. A diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo was mostly concluded (6/10). None presented abnormalities of the middle ear nor data of central pathology, 6/10 presented abnormalities in tonal audiometry. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral vestibular disorder is often present in the population with VKH.